Base64 is a binary-to-text encoding scheme that represents binary data in an ASCII string format by translating it into a radix-64 representation.
Standard Base64
Uses A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, / with = padding
URL Safe Base64
Uses A-Z, a-z, 0-9, -, _ safe for URLs
Size Increase
Encoded data is ~33% larger than original
Common Uses
Email attachments, web data transfer, APIs